Gender, Social, And Cultural Aspects Of Gender Essay

Introduction Gender is one of the most debated sociological topics worldwide and there are a range of views on how humans are constituted as gendered beings. Our gender determines our social function and purpose in society. Gender can be described as, â€Å"psychological, social, and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness† (McKenna, cited in Wharton, 2005 p.6). In other words, gender is the way our biological sex is represented in society. Ann Oakley (1972), one of the first sociologists to investigate how gender is formed suggested â€Å"that perhaps men and women were only as different as society made them.† (Holmes, 2007, p. 42) Oakley’s view on the concept of gender is that it is a form of social constructivism. This concept means that gender is a metaphorical idea formed socially and has changed, and will continue to change with time. Individuals accomplish gender daily. This essay is based on the approaches of ‘doing gender’ and ‘performing gende r’, in order to convey how we accomplish gender, and to demonstrate the ways in which the outcomes of social constraints constitute us as gendered beings. Gender Socialisation Gender socialisation is a term referring to the process of how men and women learn their social roles and expectations associated with their genders. From the moment our parents announce our biological sex, we are assigned that particular gender category; girl or boy. The process of Socialisation forms our gender. (Robyn 2012). What is accepted in our genderShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender Identity1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn light of performativity, political transformation via hegemonic cultural practices continues to advocate for gender parody. Overall, the recent exploration of alterity ethics complements performativity politics by exploiting the subversive potential of gender identity as well as female identity. For the oppressed individuals, power should be subverted via political strategy guided by the consequences and punishment with the objective of maximizing the good in the society. In other words, performativityRead MoreWar And Peace, By Nancy Scheper Hughes And Philipp e846 Words   |  4 Pagesharm and deprivation to injury and death. From an anthropological perspective, all dimensions of violence are shaped by cultural and social structures, ideas and ideologies. In their publication titled Violence in War and Peace, Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Philippe Bourgois suggest that expressions and repressions of violence are sometimes so deeply embedded in broader socio-cultural structures that they go unrecognized. According to Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois, these misrecognized and often invisibleRead MoreCosmetics: Depicting False Femininity in Vogue Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagestargeting certain aspects of culture through three methodological tools of research, such as ethnography, textual, and political/economic analysis. Through the methodological tools of cultural research, I will analytically critique, how, through the use cosmetics in Vogue, the female gender is objectified and leads to profiting political, economic and social systems which distort the cultural identities of women. In some societies, the identities of women can be shaped by cultural texts which areRead MoreGender Differences And Gender Inequality1717 Words   |  7 Pages Gender differences and gender inequality are sometimes used interchangeably but do not refer to the same thing. The two concepts are common in gender literature; however, they are not uniform across different cultures based on the degree of conservative attitudes present. The significant differences between sexes and used as arguments against equal rights primarily against women’s rights. Hence, the gender issue has continually been created in light of the standard views or conceptions ofRead MoreEssay on The Concept of Culture in Counselling1525 Words   |  7 Pagesdemographic variables ( age, gender), status variables ( social, educational, economic) and affiliations ( formal and informal), as well as ethnographic variables, such as ethnicity, nationality, language. Narrow definition of culture is limited to the terms of ethnicity and nationality, which are important for individual and familial identity, but the concept of culture in Counselling usually goes beyond national and ethnic boundaries. It interprets culture in a broader aspect, it aims to go beyond itsRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Educational System892 Words   |  4 PagesMany educational aspects impact the outcome of their development from social issues to policy to economic changes. A particular issue that educational systems have a hard time keeping up with, according to Davies and Guppy (2010c), is changes in gender equality. Over time, gender inequality has grown to be an important educational issue. Women are surpassing men educationally, and are increasingly a part of the service sector. Victor Hiller (2014) examines the dynamics of gender inequality in educationRead More Gender Inequality: Sex Discrimination in Employment Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages Gender equality is about equal opportunit y for men and women to identify their individual potential. One must be able to benefit from their participation in society and contribute to the economic and social development of their country (Australian Government. 2009). Through multiple reviewed literature on gender inequality, the overall concept within many sociological readings was the way gender inequality socially relates to employment and careers. There are three separate themes thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Foucault And Queer Theory 1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn Foucault and Queer Theory Spargo defines queer theory as a nebulous group of cultural criticism and analysis of social power structures relating to sexuality . It is these power structures and aspects of culture that are responsible for the discourse that creates and informs ones understanding of gender, race, and sexuality. However these aspects of identity do not exist separately from one another, but are constructed in tandem throughout history. These layers of identity inform each otherRead MoreEssay about Applying the Sociological Imagination to Sole-parent Familes1352 Words   |  6 Pagesnot an immutable one. It is a social construct that varies from culture to culture and, over time, the definition changes within a culture† (pp. 68). There is a growing diversity of families today including the commonality of sole-parenting. In order to explore aspects of sole-parenthood objectively, I need to reflect and put aside my personal experience of growing up in sole-parent household. Furthermore, this essay will explore the historical origins, cultural aspects discussing the influences andRead MoreOil And Gas Industry : Exploration, Drilling, Refining, Production, Distribution, And Marketing Operations1094 Words   |  5 PagesCross-Cultural Perspectives British Petroleum or BP is among the six largest oil and gas companies in the world with a large multinational presence. BP is a British multinational organization with headquarters in London, England, and that pursues commercial interests throughout the world. BP has a strong global presence due to its production and marketing operations in several regions of the world. The global operations of BP comprise a large geographical area due to the effective vertical integration

Company Back Ground And A Description Of The Company

Company Back Ground and A Description of the Company Fayaque is the largest retail chain of electronic products in Taiwan. Fayaque can be traced to Fanc which was found by French. In 2003, Shin Kong Mitsukoshi (SKM) took over Fanc electronic store and changed the name from Fanc to Fayaque (About Us, n.d., para. 1). It is because Fanc opened electronic stores in Taiwan and it could not earn normal profit; thus it got out of business and sold its branch, that is located in Taiwan, to SKM. In other word, marginal costs exceeded marginal benefits, so it had to either shut down the stores or sell the stores to others. Otherwise, they would lose more money (Brickley Smith Zimmerman, 2016, p. 18). SKM’s founder appointed his son as CEO in†¦show more content†¦Therefore, sometimes they are not helpful for employees. Fayaque has three slogans that are â€Å"Good Life, Wonderful New Things, and Find Fun Everyday† (About Us, n.d., para. 2). Fayaque has a strong corporate culture and its goals focus on the quality of service and sales. Furthermore, Fayaque pays attention to employees’ skill. For instance, it requires every employee to remember any information that electronic products have. Every Monday lower level employees have to take a small quiz before leaving the workplace. The small quiz would be about the information of new electronic products. Moreover, store managers sometimes have a centralized training approach and decentralized training approach. Generally, every six months store managers have a training lesson for a week in the headquarter which is located in Taipei. Agency Problem The CEO of Fayaque grants decision management to the store managers and decision control to the floor supervisors. Once company uses decentralized decision system, incentive conflicts within firm are more likely to be appeared. Subsequently, once incentive conflicts appear, firm should use reward system and performance evaluation system in order to reduce incentive conflicts. Similarly, agency problem is like the CEO of Fayaque as an agent to grant his managers as a principal to do some special tasks. Therefore, it might have some incentive conflicts between

Exposition Free Essays

Expository plan must be built for completeness Information must be valuable and complete. The point of the topic must be specific enough to explain the subject and it seeks to answer what, why, and how. Expository plan must be built for progress Writing must have unity, from old to new or from simple to complex or known to unknown or specific to general or general from to specific or less important to more important. We will write a custom essay sample on Exposition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Expository plan must be built for Adaptation In order to be clear, explanation must be clear for suitable audience. The Exposition of an Abstract Term or concept Anything that has no pictorial representation that we know are true; but exist only in our mind. Abstract term begin with a definition. It consist of the term, Genus, and Differentiation. Writing a good exposition of an abstract term must be: 1. Be sure you are explaining the subject not talking about it. 2. Use the simplest and most familiar diction possible, especially if your exposition is more formal sort. 3. Study various methods of exposition, select the best one suitable for you. Elimination – explaining a thing by telling what is not. Analysis – dividing the subject into its feature. Comparison and Contrast -? defining words which have a tendency to occur with or to be confused with certain companion words. Illustration – the easiest and natural method of exposition. Giving example of illustration of object to be defined. A serious problem in the abstract term or concept is that length. It may be full length or full length composition or in which the subject is amplified by various methods or by one developed to its utmost. It may be a paragraph developed by concentrating on the main features of the subject and relying for effect upon wise selection and presentation. Most frequently it is a paragraph or page in longer essay. The exposition of a process Sequential operation and action by which something is done or made. Whenever you are trying to tell a person how to do something or how other people do something. Followed by a time pattern sometimes w/o conscious planning or explaining events in order. James M. Micron gives four common types of exposition process: â€Å"how-to-do-it† process, give direction. How-it-works† process, shows a n operation (often mechanical). Usually follows a time order and resembles narration. â€Å"how-it-is-organized† process, show complexity in organization function by breaking into department and it is functional rather than chronological. â€Å"how-did-it-happen† process, seek to cause for a known effect such as why or how the event occurred. Exposition of a process has two different aims. First, try to give the reader an understanding of the process without assuming that he/she will undertake itself. Second, give the reader a direction. Planning and organizing depend on the subject. If the process is informal, your readers is to follow directions himself. Whether if it is formal or informal, unity is required in the process if you wish to emphasize. Comparison and Contrast Comparison meant to show likeness and Contrast shows differences between two subject areas. For example, A is better than B or more interesting than B, or more useful than B. The two statements need strong control and organization. Character Sketch Process of writing individual trait to set forth idea or detailing of a characteristics of some personified animal or thing. Enhanced by the use of incidental description. To sketch a character is essentially explaining that character. It is not describing a person physically but present to his character. Two kind of character sketch are individual concerns particular person and type characteristic common to a group. Ways to develop character sketch. A) Leading characteristics of the subject are enumerated and each one is taken up for discussion. B) Development may be anecdotal; it may relate a story illustrate particular trait in a person. C) Prominent characteristic may be emphasized and the other characteristic placed in subsidiary relationship . The Essay is an exposition of author’s thought or reflection on some subject of human interest. Two kinds of essay: Formal Essay -? main purpose is to give information and instruction. Brief in scope, usually impersonal in tone, it addressed primarily intellect, may deal with variety of subject. Great structure, method of development and manner of expression Informal Essay – frankly and mainly to entertain. Observed in a free method way and does not attempt to discuss subject exhaustively , nor does it deal with subjects that call for elaborate explanation. Personal in tone and point of view written in natural conversation. Comment or Criticism Review and criticism are forms of exposition. Usually published in periodicals, magazine, and written in a large variety of subjects. Anything that evokes opinion or judgment. Three kinds of criticisms: Criticism by use of standard – assume that certain qualities tend to appear n all great literature. Historical Criticism -? evaluating influence of a writer or his work upon writers who followed him. Impressionistic or personal criticism – by telling what you think or feel, more Objective standards , narrow or superficial. Practical suggestions for your criticism: 1. Have background of knowledge 2. Have prejudice from training, race, religion, politics, occupation, and localities 3. Analyze a piece of writing 4. Choose something of your own interest as well as your own knowledge 5. Select a definite, limited central idea 6. Test your opinions carefully Us Mary Exposition Exposition that states and explains briefly the subject Of any spoken or written composition of considerable length. CLASSIFICATION AS A TECHNIQUE OF EXPOSITION Classification is a significant and informative grouping of things, activities, and ideas. Ruling principle is to unite idea or point of view use in the art of classifying. â€Å"A classification is useless it leads somewhere†. Suggestion for meaning classification: 1. Make clear what is being classified 2. Choose (and state) a significant, useful basis or guiding principle for the classification 3. Take care to limit yourself one basis at a time in listing members of class 4. Name the species according to given basis 5. Make sure that each species is separate and distinct that there is no overlapping 6. Help readers understand the distinct between two species 7. Make certain that in a classification (where a species listed in accordance with the major basis becomes a genus) Partition in Exposition Partition is the act of dividing a unit into its component part and does not necessarily have anything in common beyond the fact that they belong to the same unit. Hammers may be logically divided according to its physical characteristics. Classification always deals with several units while partition eels only part of a unit. A hammer head w/o handle is hammer. The head and the handle are component parts of only one unit. Suggestion for clear and meaningful partition: 1 . â€Å"Any breakdown of a subject for purposes of discussion should be done in accordance consistent point of view, or basis, and basis must adhered throughout any single phase of the discussion†. How to cite Exposition, Papers

Securing Operating System Free Samples & Examples

Question: Describe the specific security concerns or risks that your chosen operating system is exposed to and how you plan to mitigate the risk that each one presents. Focus on the following areas as security targets: Patching and installed software Users Files List and describe the security concerns for each of the 3 areas. As a system administrator, what can you do to reduce or eliminate the risks that are associated with each concern? Answer: Issues regarding patching and installed software The patching issues on the windows platform of operating system often result in serious troubles. Few of them have been depicted underneath- Machines can hang all of a sudden due to patching issue even though it cannot be predicted beforehand and cannot be realised before such incident occurs. To be specific, problems may be particularly encountered with the patching of visual studio. Problems may be faced with KB3001652 that is not any security update rather it can freeze the computer during installation (Bulygin, Furtak Bazhaniuk, 2015). It may cause to prolonged updates of themachine that may consume couple of hours literally and still several reboots might also be required once done with the successive updates. If 3209944 is installed fixed width fonts may not appear and function properly in a text editor (Herzberg Shulman, 2012). As an inevitable effect of the above instances, unless the updates are installed properly, the machine can be prone to security attacks. Issues regarding users There can also be typical issues regarding the type of users. First and foremost, the hackers must be considered who use the systems in unauthorised manner to indulge malpractice. Other than the attackers and hackers, if anybody possesses any fake user profile that again imposes a serious concern on the OS (Tawa, 2011). Also, the unskilled and relatively ignorant users can lead to several damage of the machine due to improper use of the key functions. Issues regarding files One can encounter various troubles pertaining to the files and registry virtualization also. Few cases have been demonstrated below- Receiving error message during installation or Upgradation. The file or folder just created may not be found. Even after installation the program may still exist. Undesired program behaviour may be experienced after installing an update. Risk Mitigation Option for Selected Security Risk Risk Mitigation process for Patching and Installed Software According to Ferreira (2011), users of Windows Operating System faced lot of challenges regarding patching and installed software. Therefore, in order to mitigate the problems need to develop the up to date inventory for entire systems. Apart from that, users of windows operating system have to use commercial tools in their general network system. Users have to devise the plan for same version application system according to the used Operating system. Moreover, when user applies the patch for any kind of software application in OS, they have to fully analyzing the vulnerability of patches. Risk Mitigation process for User in Operating system The main security threats in Operating system that caused by user is coming from hackers. In major cases, it has been identified that hackers send the link of love bugs and attract the computer user. Through this way hackers put virus on the computer (Czerwonka et al. 2011). Therefore, in order to mitigate the problems, users of the computer system have to install antivirus application such as Norton Internet Security, Quick Heal Total Security, etc. Apart from that, users of the computer system have to install the firewall security system and modify it according to their own. Risk Mitigation process for Files in Operating system In order to mitigate the risk in file transfer in OS, need to installed proper procedure if FTP (File Transfer Process) such as Peer to Peer file sharing, cloud drive file sharing process, etc. Apart from that, need to installed secure file transfer process such as FTPS, SFTP, HTTPS over IPV6 or IPV4 (Pappas, Polychronakis Keromytis, 2013). Limiting the MFT access through implementing the Active Directory process. Check the integrity and protocol fidelity during the transfer of large file. Figure 1: Risk Mitigation process for file transfer in OS (Source: Ferreira, 2011, pp- 1040) Reference List Bulygin, Y., Furtak, A., Bazhaniuk, O. (2013). A tale of one software bypass of windows 8 secure boot.Black Hat. Herzberg, A., Shulman, H. (2012). Security of patched DNS. InComputer SecurityESORICS 2012(pp. 271-288). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tawa, R. (2011).U.S. Patent No. 8,001,088. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ferreira, D. F. (2011). Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system.Cincia e Agrotecnologia,35(6), 1039-1042. Czerwonka, J., Das, R., Nagappan, N., Tarvo, A., Teterev, A. (2011). Crane: Failure prediction, change analysis and test prioritization in practice--experiences from windows. InSoftware Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), 2011 IEEE Fourth International Conference on(pp. 357-366). IEEE. Pappas, V., Polychronakis, M., Keromytis, A. D. (2013). Transparent ROP Exploit Mitigation Using Indirect Branch Tracing. InUSENIX Security(pp. 447-462)

If I Were a Shoe free essay sample

By: Amanda Diaz Ms. Newton: Period 6 10/9/12 If I were a shoe everyone would know me. I would always be up and on the go doing things all over the place. No one knows how busy I would be. I would be a pair of converse. I would also have crazy designs all over me. Converses are one of the many shoes that I love to wear. Everyone who knows me knows that I love converse. If I were a shoe everyone would know me. I would go everywhere that I could possibly go no matter what was in my way. My life would be busy with chores friends and just basic problems in life but my main activity would be making others laugh with my art.People would be talking to me from left to right. Everyone would know my art and my personality. I would definitely be dealing with life in a fun way. We will write a custom essay sample on If I Were a Shoe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If I were a shoe I would be a pair of converse. Converse, are simple and stylish. Not everyone likes converse because they say that they aren’t comfortable but then again sometimes I might not make you feel comfortable. Converse, are good for being on the go and being fashionable. No matter what you wear, a pair of converse matches anything. If I were a pair of shoes they would have crazy designs all over them.Crazy designs are great for me because when you get to know me I can sometimes be a little crazy. But then again I can be the funniest person to hang around with when you just want to chill, and trust me I’m never boring. Crazy designs are what make me, me no matter what anybody says. Some of the most important people in life wear Converse. For example, Zac Efron, Katey Perry, Selena Gomez, and many others. Converse allow me to be me, in any situation. Crazy, awesome, cool, whatever what you want to call me. If I were a shoe I would be a pair of converse.

How to Outline an Expository Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease

How to Outline an Expository Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease End of the line: this is the conclusion to our three-part guide on Alzheimer’s disease. The first part was 10 facts on Alzheimer’s disease for an expository essay, which helped you accumulate some solid research on all aspects of the disease. The second part of the guide was 20 essay topics on Alzheimer’s disease, which must have proven highly useful in selecting a great topic. There was also a sample essay in that same guide to give you an idea about how to properly write an expository essay on the subject. This final discusses how the writing process unfolds. Let’s get to it. An expository essay on Alzheimer’s disease should have your own arguments and research. If you are quoting someone else’s research, you need to give readers your own take through comprehensive analysis. Let’s look at how the structure works: Opening Sentence You need to start your paper with a statement or thesis that portrays your own mindset and the purpose of the essay. All the questions, statistics, anecdotes, quotations, analogies and definitions you add in the following paragraphs, need to reflect your original statement. Context It’s your duty to make sure the context is understandable. You need to choose the right context while keeping what your professor wants from you in mind. Merely assuming that the reader will understand the complexity or appreciate the simplicity is a risky way to articulate. Supporting Evidence No matter how impressive your arguments and claims are, they are baseless if you haven’t provided enough to prove them entirely or create a reasonable doubt in the minds of readers. The best way to create trust in the heart of the reader is by adding real-stories in the essay, in a very concise and direct way; one way to do that is by citing a first-person experience. Transition Make sure that the transition is smooth between paragraphs. Make it a habit to knit every single line in your paragraphs so that the last one seamlessly connects with the first line of the next paragraph. In addition, stick to discussing 1-2 points in one paragraph while elaborating on the same. Discuss further points from a new paragraph, but make sure it all flows in a smooth and coherent manner. Conclusion Everything is important in your custom essay but if we were to rate one specific aspect, it would have to be the conclusion. You need to compress the entire essay in that one paragraph. Here, you need to mention your thesis, arguments, the evidence that you gathered and what you would like to research and write about further on the topic in future essays. The idea of a good conclusion isn’t to restate your thesis, but to make sure that you’ve established a firm connection with your readers. Your thesis in the conclusion shouldn’t look like a question, rather the answer to the original question. This is where we hand it over to you and wish you the best of luck. You’re now fully equipped to write an informative expository essay on Alzheimer’s disease and really impress your professor.

On a national level why describe why the Real Estate market crashed, Research Paper

On a national level why describe why the Real Estate market crashed, what contributed to the crash of the market, is the market recovering, and what is contributing to the recovery - Research Paper Example This aggressive marketing led to two negative factors. The first factor is that the demand/supply forces were affected in such a way that there was a false equilibrium, and thus the costs of the houses were so much overrated. The cost of a home in almost any state in the United States of America was overpriced by at least two hundred percent. As a result, the middle income earners could not afford to buy the houses with their income and the only way to buy a house was to secure a mortgage from a bank. As more and more people used mortgages to buy houses, the demand of the houses increased, only resulting to the further increment in home prices. The other thing was that the mortgage providers failed to include due diligence while providing these mortgages. While these mortgage providers advertised strict terms and conditions, these terms and conditions were never applied when giving out mortgages and as a result, many people who were not eligible for such mortgages ended up in the client lists of such banks. When the demand /supply forces forced the interest rates of the mortgages to start fluctuating, most of these mortgage owners started finding it harder to finance their mortgages and some of them had to start refinancing their mortgages. This meant that they had to take a loan to pay their mortgage. In such an arrangement, the problem was that the mortgage owners ended up paying interests twice. This is because the mortgage owners would have to pay for the mortgage as well as the interests on loans. The very fact that a majority of the mortgage owners were seeking refinancing for their mortgages meant that the real estate industry was already facing major problems. Most of these frustrated home owners started selling off their homes but at much lower prices than they had secured the homes, and the real estate market was flooded with supply. Those who could not afford to sell the

The understanding financial data, and developing and making judgements Essay

The understanding financial data, and developing and making judgements on proposals against strategic objectives - Essay Example In this study the researcher observed the role played by the finance and accounting function in the operation of a business. The author of the study recognized the following main functions: †¢ The raise of funds or financial management †¢ The role of financial reporting and †¢ The budgeting and organisational objectives. Financial management is a division of the finance and accounting purpose i.e. concerned with the financing of an industry’s activities. Finance is usually raised through loan capital, share capital and state finance or through inside generated funds. This report is prepared for Roberta Kelly and providing good budgeting plan to her business. It is designed to give the learners a chance to investigate the principles that support the financial decision making procedure and how they are applied into business. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a group of accounting standards build up by a sovereign, not-for-profit business called the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). â€Å"The goal of IFRS is to provide a global framework for how public companies prepare and disclose their financial statements. IFRS provides general guidance for the preparation of financial statements, rather than setting rules for industry-specific reporting†. Financial r eporting is the arrangement of financial data in a form that is helpful to interested parties. It includes the collection and presentation of data for utilize in management accounting and financial management. ... It includes the collection and presentation of data for utilize in management accounting and financial management. 3. Interpretation of Accounting Information – Public Limited Companies: For the comparison study and understanding of the Transportation sector we have chosen the two companies i.e. 1. MET Plc 2. KGL PTS. Both of the companies are well established in the transportation sector and they are diversifying their business worldwide. Marwyn European Transport Plc is newly established company in the transportation sector; it is formed by the leading Transport industry executives to exploit the opportunities in the European transport industry. They are now focusing on the German bus and coach industry and presently operating 250 buses in Germany. The MET is established as a wholly owned subsidiary company of the MMP (Marwyn Management Partner Plc.). The board of directors of the company has a belief on the attractive investment opportunities in the public transportation of the European countries and so they are willing to operate the business by keeping the favors of the stakeholders. Initially they are targeting the largest bus markets in the country. KGL Passenger Transport Services (KGL PTS) in Kuwait, a supplementary of KGL Holding, was recognized in 2005. Being the showpiece of KGL Holding’s Passenger Transport Management Company, the KGL PTS has developed themselves as one of the most important passenger travel service companies within Kuwait and Middle East. As they are offering different means of carrying to suit the necessities of customer both publicly and commercially, they are still leading the sector. The head quarter of KGL PTS is in Kuwait and they are operating in Sharjah, Abu Dhabi and in the United Arab

The life Winston experienced in 1984 which has a parallel in Essay

The life Winston experienced in 1984 which has a parallel in contemporary American life - Essay Example Technological innovations have deeply impacted the life of the people all over the world, and it has proved to be the single important factor in â€Å"uniting† the world. Even though â€Å"the world is one family,† is the often-repeated slogan, technology and internet revolution have achieved that goal to a great extent in their areas of influence without ever pronouncing it, and without any supporting propaganda. Weaponry and strategies play a prominent role during wartime, and propaganda has even bigger influence. Misinformation to misguide the enemy contributes in a major way to confuse the enemy. A misinformed enemy is the greatest asset to gain advantage in war-situations. Being in Britain, George Orwell watches from close range how the operations in theaters of Second World War are conducted by the powers that have major stakes in the outcome of the war. The broadcasts of BBC are greatly influenced by the dictates of the Government for its overseas propaganda. Per verse double talk is the order of the time. Orwell’s model for the lying Ministry of Truth in his book 1984 is the British wartime Ministry of Information that censors BBC broadcasts. Politicians alone cannot be blamed for the grave societal ills that are always there. Democracy is not choosing one of the two evils (political parties) once in 4-5 years. It is about active participation of the people and their willingness to protest against the smallest deviations relating to the democratic norms in any area concerning the Republic. Life for an average citizen has mostly been the same under all systems at any given time during the course of history—that is, BAD! 1984 and the conditions prevailing in America at present corroborate this fact. The people have got to be ever vigilant and keep themselves in readiness to fight for their rights. 1984 The common man, an ordinary citizen, always receives the first blow and suffers and therefore, he has to remain ever vigilant an d guard his individual freedom and other democratic rights. George Orwell is a revisionist. Officially sponsored atrocity and hate propaganda are not to his liking. History is not imagination; it needs to be subject to free and impartial enquiry and that is possible under the conditions of freedom of speech and writing. Every era has serious issues to deal with, or the issues are made serious by the rulers of the time. As for the political game, one important observation holds good for all the time, past present and future. The â€Å"Powerful Chairs† (politicians and bureaucrats) wish to maintain their hold on â€Å"Chair- less Powers† (the common citizens) for self-aggrandizement. In the present context, they extensively use the economic weapon called corruption. Take the issue of drug culture. Drugs in any form are illegal and they are confiscated and destroyed; besides the involved individuals are arrested and severe punishment follows, upon indictment. In this area , the Government is not willing to accept any new ideas and the drugs are banned outright. Banned in paper, and yet the industry thrives, due to corrupt practices at the implementation level. After the 9/11 incident, the life of the section of citizens and immigrants has been put under legal microscopic examination. The curbs are more or less similar to the ones in vogue as described in the book

History of BSES Delhi

History of BSES Delhi ORGANIZATION PROFILE: Following the privatization of Delhis power sector and unbundling of the Delhi Vidyut Board in July 2002, the business of power distribution was transferred to BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL) and BSES Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL). These two of the three successor entities distribute electricity to 22.6 lakh customers in two thirds of Delhi. The Company acquired assets, liabilities, proceedings and personnel of the Delhi Vidyut Board as per the terms and conditions contained in the Transfer Scheme BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL) BYPL distributes power to an area spread over 200 sq kms with a population density of 4230 per sq km. Its 10.4lakh customers are spread over 14 districts across Central and East areas including Chandni Chowk, Daryaganj, Paharganj, Shankar Road, Patel Nagar, G T Road, Karkardooma, Krishna Nagar, Laxmi Nagar, Mayur Vihar, Yamuna Vihar, Nand Nagri and Karawal Nagar. BSES Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL) BRPL distributes power to an area spread over 750 sq. km with a population density of 1360 per sq km. Its over 12.2 lakh customers are spread in 19 districts across South and West areas including Alaknanda, Khanpur, Vasant Kunj, Saket, Nehru Place, Nizamuddin, Sarita Vihar, Hauz Khas, R K Puram, Janakpuri, Najafgargh, Nangloi, Mundka, Punjabi Bagh, Tagore Garden, VikasPuri etc. Since taking over distribution, BSES singular mission has been to provide reliable and quality electricity supply. BSES has invested over Rs 3500 crore on upgrading and augmenting the infrastructure which has resulted in a record reduction of ATC losses. From a high of 63.1 % ATC losses in BYPL area in 2002 the losses have come down to 23% a record reduction around 40%.Similarly, in BRPL area ATC losses have been reduced from 51.2% to 20% a record reduction of 31% History / Origin of BSES Delhi The first diesel Power Station was established in Delhi in the year 1905 when a private English Company by name M/s. John Fleming was given permission to generate electricity under the provisions of the Indian Electricity Act 1903. It was given the responsibility both of generation and distribution of power in a limited manner. That Company after obtaining license under the provisions of Electricity Act 1903 had set up a small 2 MW Diesel set at Lahori Gate in Old Delhi. Later on, this very Company was converted as Delhi Electricity Supply and Traction Company. In the Year 1911, the power generation was augmented by Steam Generation Station. In the year 1932, the management of Central Power House was handed over to New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC). In the field of power generation and distribution, a major breakthrough was achieved in 1939 when Delhi Central Electricity Power Authority (DCEPA) was established. This Company was responsible for the supply of power to the areas covered by Local Bodies, namely, the Municipal Committees of Delhi, West Delhi and South Delhi, the Notified Area Committees of Red fort, Civil Lines, Mehrauli, Najaf Garh, amd the District Board of Delhi. The supply of electricity to the Municipal Committees of Delhi-Shahdara and the Notified Area of Narela was done by different private agencies. In 1947 DCEPA took over a Private Limited Company by name Delhi electric Supply traction Company Limited. Formation of Delhi State Electricity Board (DSEB) In the year 1951 the Delhi State Electricity Board (DSEB) came into existence and the responsibility of generation and distribution of electricity was taken over by DSEB from DCEPA. Formation of Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking (DESU) After the promulgation of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957, the DSEB was dissolved and the functions of DSEB were taken over by Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking (DESU), which came into existence in 1958. After the formation DESU, the generation and distribution of electricity to all the areas of Delhi came under DESU. Formation of Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) The Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi vide notification No. F.11 (10)/92-LSG /PF (II) dated 24.02.1997, issued under the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, constituted a separate Electricity Board, i.e. the Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) for the NCT of Delhi w.e.f. 24.02.1997 for the purpose of generation and distribution of power to the entire area of NCT of Delhi except the areas falling within the jurisdiction of NDMC and Delhi Cantonment Board. Unbundling of Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) The Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) was a State Electricity Board set up in 1997 under the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, succeeding the Delhi Electricity Supply Undertaking (DESU) which has existed since 1957 as a wing of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. It was an integrated utility with generation, transmission and distribution functions serving all of Delhi except the NDMC and MES (Cantoment) areas to which it supplied power in bulk. The creation of DVB, replacing DESU, is 1997 proved to be merely a change in the legal status of the organization and was not followed by any real change in its structure, functioning and work culture. Its reputation continued to deteriorate and its poor commercial performance, the best known thing about DVB perhaps being its high Transmission and Distribution (TD) losses made it a drain on the public exchequer. Further, failure in raising the resources necessary for improvement of its services made matters critical. There were unprecedented, widespread expressions of public discontent during the difficult summer of 1998. In December 1998 when the present government came to power in Delhi, the power situation was grim to say the least. With T D losses as high as 50% regular power cute for 10 to 15 hours and Delhi Vidyut board accumulating liabilities of over Rs. 23,000 crores, Delhi government had to come up with a fast and viable alternative. An alternative that would not only meet peoples aspirations in terms of its end result but also be interesting enough for investors. And thus began a step by step process of a never-before fundamental power reform. Delhi Electricity Board Regulatory Commission (DERC) was constituted in May 1999 whose prime responsibility was to look into the entire gamut of existing activity and search for various ways of power sector reforms. The DERC is even today a fully functional body which has since issued tariff orders for annual revenue requirement. Delhi Electricity Reform Ordinance, 2000 was a body which was promulgated in October 2000 and notified in the form of an Act in March 2001. It mainly provides for the constitution of an Electricity Regulatory Commission, unbundling of DVB into separate generation, transmission and distribution companies and increasing avenues for participation of private sector. This was followed with a Tripartite Agreement which was signed by the government of Delhi, DVB employees to ensure the cooperation of stakeholders in this reform process. The tripartite agreement sent off very positive vibes to the people in general as well as to the investor community about the sincere and hassle-free objectives of power reforms. Next, a two stage competitive bidding process of Request for Qualification (RFQ) and Request for Proposal (RFP) was set into motion for privatization of the distribution companies. The bidders were selected on the basis of reduction of total Aggregate Technical and Commercial of losses (AT C) a unique feature of the power sector reforms in Delhi. The bidders were required to bid on the basis of efficiency improvement like reduction of AT C losses that they achieve year wise over a period of five years. Finally Delhi Vidhyut Board was taken over by two giants the TATAs and The Reliance ADA group ie. Reliance Energy Ltd. The two firms took control of 51 per cent shares in the three distribution companies. The DVB was formally unbundled into three distribution companies (Discoms), a generation (Genco), transmission (Transco) and a holding company. The DVB claimed that it had completed the process of dividing its mammoth staff of 24,000 employees, office property and records which would be divided among its six successive companies. BSES got 12,900 DVB employees to manage distribution operations like supplying electricity, metering, billing, controlling thefts and technical and commercial losses in central, east, south and west Delhi. About 5,200 DVB staff was transferred to Tata Power to manage similar operations in north and northwest Delhi. The state government maintained full control on Genco and Transco. Each of the two companies got 4,000 employees. DVBs two members (technical) were transferred as head of Genco and Transco. CORPORATE VISION AND MISSION: Vision To be amongst the most admired and most trusted integrated utility companies in the world. To deliver reliable and quality products and services to all customers at competitive costs, with international standards of customer care- thereby creating superior value for all stakeholders. To set new benchmarks in: standards of corporate performance and governance, through the pursuit of operational and financial excellence, responsible citizenship and profitable growth. Mission To attain global best practices and become a world-class utility. To provide: uninterrupted, affordable, quality, reliable, safe and clean power to our customers. To achieve excellence in: service, quality, reliability, safety and customer care. To earn: trust and confidence of all customers and stakeholders by exceeding their expectations, and make the company a respected household name. To work: with vigour, dedication and innovation keeping total customer satisfaction as the ultimate goal . To consistently achieve: high growth with the highest levels of productivity. To be: a technology driven, efficient and financially sound organisation. To be a responsible corporate citizen nurturing human values and concern for society, the environment and above all, people. To contribute: towards community development and nation building. To promote a work culture that fosters: individual growth, team sprit and creativity to overcome challenges and attain goals. To encourage: ideas, talent and value systems. To uphold the guiding principles of: trust, integrity and transparency in all aspects of interactions and dealings. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Two basic forms of organizational structures can be distinguished as below: The following chart depicts the organizational structure as it is existing in 2009. The hierarchy is much flatter than it was earlier, and as such, more organic as well. Thus it has left the mechanistic realms and become more complex and horizontal diversification, which has not only improved the work culture but has also enhanced the quality of service it provides to its customers which is totally evident through the tremendous decrease in ATC losses. Functional Structure Both BRPL and BYPL perform similar functions but for different areas. So the basic framework remains the same. CORE VALUES People at REL believe that any business conduct can be ethical only when it rests on the nine core values of Honesty, Integrity, Respect, Fairness, Purposefulness, Trust, Responsibility, Citizenship and Caring. Strong commitments to these high values have long been building principles for Reliance Energy Ltd. EVALUATION OF BSES Delhi BASED ON 7S MODEL The 7 S Model provided by McKinsey is a framework for analyzing organizations and their effectiveness. The basic premise of the model is that an organization is not just a structure, but actually consists of seven elements. Strategy: The company plan or route-map to maintain competitive advantage Structure: The company hierarchy Systems: The day-to-day processes and procedures throughout the company Shared Values: The core values of the company Style: The company leadership style Staff: The companys employees and their broad abilities Skills: The skills and competencies of employees The central theme of the model is that the seven elements are interconnected and interdependent upon one another. In order to achieve business success, each of the seven elements must be aligned and mutually reinforcing each other. Effecting change using this model involves the assessment of all areas, simultaneously taking into account their nature and effect on each other. At BSES, REL has taken a lot of initiative to gel all the 7 aspects together so as to improve the functioning of the company. Employee Resistance to Change Change is a common occurrence within organizations, and resistance to change is just as common. There are several types of resistance to change. Acquisition of DVB by private companies was a huge change that was to be accepted by the employees. So in most of the cases a resistance was generated amongst the DVB employees. More than 50% of the employees chose to take up voluntary retirement scheme which was offered to them. The scheme was open to all regular employees who had completed 10 years of service from the date of joining Delhi Vidyut Board or had attained the age of 40 years. A company spokesperson believed that there was an additional unique concept in the voluntary retirement scheme which entitled the employees to enhanced additional benefit if the number of voluntary retirees crosses the threshold level. This was a benefit which had never been given in any voluntary retirement scheme in a utility before. Resistance to change can be broken down into three groups: organization-level resistance, group-level resistance, and individual-level resistance. Each of these groups can be broken down further. Organization-Level Resistance Organization-level resistance includes resistance to change due to power and conflict, differences in functional orientation, mechanistic structure, and organizational culture. Power and Conflict Resistance to change due to power and conflict occurs when a change may benefit one department within the organization while harming another department within the organization. Functional Orientation Resistance to change due to differences in functional orientation occurs because employees or departments with different functions will see problems and issues differently, thus making it harder to come to an agreement regarding change. Mechanistic Structure Resistance to change due to mechanistic structure occurs because employees working within a mechanistic structure are expected to act in certain ways and do not develop the initiative to adjust their behavior to changing conditions (George et al.). Organizational Culture Resistance due to organizational culture occurs when organizational change disrupts the values and norms within the organizational culture. Group-Level Resistance Group-level resistance includes resistance to change due to group norms, group cohesiveness, and groupthink and escalation of commitment. Group Norms Resistance due to group norms occurs when change alters interactions between group members due to changes in task and role relationships within a group. Group Cohesiveness Resistance due to group cohesiveness occurs because members of a cohesive group wish to keep things, such as members or tasks, the same within the group. Groupthink and Escalation of Commitment Resistance due to groupthink and escalation of commitment occurs because members ignore negative information, even when they realize that their decisions are wrong, in order to agree with each other, thus making a change in group behavior incredibly difficult. Individual-Level Resistance Individual-level resistance includes resistance to change due to uncertainty and insecurity, selective perception and retention, and habit. Uncertainty and Insecurity Resistance due to uncertainty and insecurity occurs because employees do not know what the outcome of the change will be. Selective Perception and Retention Resistance due to selective perception and retention occurs when employees direct attention to how the change will affect their department, their function, or them personally. Habit Resistance due to habit occurs when employees are comfortable in their daily habits and do not want to alter them due to change. Management at BSES took following actions tol reduce resistance due to uncertainty and insecurity. Education and communication: Management explained why the change was done, identified the benefits of the change to individuals and departments, and became willing to answer all questions as they arise. Topics regarding the change that were covered were why, what, when, where, and how. Communication between management and employees was carried out in the form of discussion groups, memos, formal reports, scheduled meetings, one-on-one meetings, etc. Verification of the message received: Employees were asked to repeat the message they received, and management compared the message received with the message management intended to send. If there was a discrepancy between the message received and the message sent, then management repeated the message until employees stated a message received that matches the message sent. HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY FRAMEWORK The liberalizationof the power sector in India has paved way for new business opportunities and has redefined the nature of the power business. Envisioning future and to make the power sector credit worthy and capable of funding future investment needs, these reforms have opened arenas for new technologies. In this new environment of opportunities, REL with its competitive edge of resources is playing a key role in the transformation process and aims to emerge as a world class power utility offering uninterrupted, affordable, quality, products and services to all customers at competitive costs, with international standards of customer care thereby creating superior value for all stakeholders. To achieve this vision REL believes that investment in people and their potential is one of the greatest investments we can make. For this, we are constantly in search of talent that can perform excellently with determination and win. Its HR systems and policies are thereby designed to unleash the latent capability of its people by fostering a continuous learning and performance based culture where its people have the opportunity to grow and succeed and realize their true potential while delivering high quality services. To achieve these objectives its HR Policy is pivotal and aims to: Achieve organizational and business goals with firm belief that Its Employees are its Future. Haveempowered and accountable employeesto take decisions in response to emerging challenges and opportunities in a competitive environment. Endeavor to make its employeesThe Bestwith an urge for and commitment to excellence. Reliance Energy Ltd. offer opportunities for growth that can fill a career. Careers at Reliance Energy Ltd. are built in course of its concept of forming a team of people or individuals who are made responsible for specific functions; from concept to development to implementation, with concomitant empowerment. Reliance Energy Ltd. provides employees seamless merging of functional roles, to provide a sharper business focus groom employees for larger responsibility across industry sector. We believe, working smarter would mean not just doing a given job well, but also stretching it into a mini profit-making project. As the transition from the old HRD to the New People Management has materialized, the HR function at Reliance Energy Ltd. has begun to play a role much broader in scope, much stronger in impact much more permanent in effect. Career Opportunities: Exposure to Latest technological know-how World class management practices Multifunctional skills Customer Relationship Management Exposure to Regulatory, Legal and Contractual aspects of business Fast track growth Recruitment: Woven into strategic planning, recruitment in Reliance Energy Ltd. no longer involves short-term vacancy or the annual ritual of Campus Recruitment. Translating corporate strategies into a manpower plan developing a long term programme accordingly, Reliance Energy Ltd. is tracking down people with the combination of knowledge, experience, skills behaviour best suited to achieving the companys objectives. The focus of Recruitment: Attract people with multi dimensional experiences skills Induct talent with a new perspective to lead the company Develop a culture that attracts people to the company Locate people whose personalities fit the companys values Devise methodologies for assessing psychological traits Seek out unconventional development ground for talent Design entry pay that competes on quality as well as quantum Anticipate find people for positions proactively Induction: A formal induction programme is organized for all the new employees A structured Induction programme is carried out for: Lateral Joinees This provides a general overview of the organisation to the new recruits and familarises employees with various business processes, culture, business practices of the company It also covers soft skills modules like Team Building, Change Management, Communication etc. Graduate Engineer Trainees (GETs) All the GETs undergo a one-year induction training programme. The induction programme contains the following: Technical Training On the Job training Class room training Functional Training Managerial Skill Development Performance Management: To ensure that the talent we have attracted can help us achieve our goals, we create appropriate working conditions, by adopting following steps: Evaluating all jobs so as to assign them to the individuals best suited for them Designing customized jobs, if necessary, using techniques drawn for behavioural sciences industrial psychology Creating manpower configurations to boost the ability of the individuals Through it all, balancing corporate employee interests by designing individual career paths. Objective of its Performance Management System (PMS): Create a culture of excellence that inspires every employee Match organizational objectives to individual aspirations Equip people with the skills necessary to perform their duties Clear growth paths for specially talented individuals Provide new challenges to rejuvenate plateauing careers Forge a partnership with people for managing their career Empower employees to take decisions without fear of failing Imbibe teamwork in all operational process Performance Appraisal System: The Performance Appraisal System in Reliance Energy Ltd. provides for Recognition of individual performance Continual learning and development Better skills and employability Monetary and other rewards The achievement of the organizations goals Increased productivity and profitability A motivated workforce Performance Appraisal Process Managers distribute Professional Self-Assessment form to direct reports for completion. Training Performance Appraisals are completed and forwarded to upper management for review and approval. Performance Appraisals are forwarded to Senior Executives for review and approval. Performance Appraisals are forwarded to the Human Resources Department for review and approval. Human Resources returns the approved Performance Appraisals to Managers who conduct individual performance discussions with the employee. All signed Performance Appraisals are returned to Human Resources Training Development: With the changing business environment becoming more more dynamic, a need on a continual basis for improved domain expertise is the need of the hour. The core function of our training department is to bridge the gap between the Changing requirements of the job the abilities that individuals need to perform these tasks such as self-directed leadership, self-motivated teams self generated creativity to excel in their respective areas of performance. Objective of Training Development (TD) Department: Make learning one of the fundamental values of the company Commit major resources adequate time to training Use training to bridge the gap with the external work Integrate training into initiatives for change management Use training as a developmental tool for individuals Link organizational, operational individual training needs Install training systems that substitute work experience Ensure that training allows the staff skills to bloom Use retraining to continuously upgrade employees skills Create a system to evaluate the effectiveness of training LATEST EVENTS AT BSES Delhi Facing mounting criticism for mismanagement in power supply in the city, Reliance Energy-backed power discom BSES on Thursday removed its CEO Arun Kanchan and appointed separate CEOs for two distribution companies. Ramesh Narayanan, senior vice president of the company, has been appointed CEO of BSES Yamuna Power Ltd (BYPL), while Gopal Saxena, COO, would be the new CEO BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd (BRPL). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Energy Conservation is the need of the hour. And awareness about it is the key. And the best method of spreading awareness about this growing international concern is to catch them young. Addressing this objective and to further broad base its emphasis on Energy Conservation, BYPL has conceived Bijli Gyan Abhiyan (March 08) a mammoth initiative targeting thousands of students across 500 schools in East and Central Delhi. The Delhi Government and BSES had signed an agreement for beautification of the Capital through a new Green Drain project as part of World Environment Day celebration. Under the Green Drain concept unveiled by the Delhi Government on the occasion of Earth Day on April 2209 some of Delhis dirtiest drains are being given over for adoption and beautification to interested parties. Under the concept, the selected parties will beautify the drains by planting and maintaining Bougainvilleas along their allocated stretches. Explaining the rationale behind choosing Bougainvilleas, a BSES official said: These pretty-looking plants, besides being hardy, need minimal maintenance and are best suited to Delhis climate. BYPL signs 1strenewable energy PPA, to buy power fromDelhis 1stCity waste to power initiative (Nov09). Around 1200 tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) will be processed daily. Gas generated from a 10 MW MSW power plant yields reduction in greenhouse gases equal to planting 1.19 lakh trees or removing 83,000 cars for a year. Power plant to power around 4000 middle class homes. REFERENCES Websites: www.bsesdelhi.com www.wikipedia.org www.rinfra.com www.indiatoday.intoday.in www.thehindu.com Textbook: Organizational Theory, Design and Change by Gareth R. Jones Management: Er. (Mr.) B.P. Verma (Asstt. VP , Commercial department BRPL) [DVB Employee] Mr. Ravi Kohli (Divisional Commercial Officer, BRPL) [CTC employee]

Research Report: The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers fc

Research Report: The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Great Gatsby: A Criticism of American Society,† author Ned Mack discusses how F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes the American Society in the 1920’s for its trend to waste, advertise, encourage superficial relationships, and an obsession with appearances. All four of these things are very evident in the novel, and Mack just breaks each of them down individually. Mack talks about how the Valley of Ashes is an example of people being wasteful in the 1920’s. People in America use what they want and when they want and leave the remains or waste, you might call it, behind for the un-wealthy to clean up. â€Å"The valley of ashes was once a flourishing town, but was used until it was no longer valuable and was thus abandoned.† (qtd. In Mack) This is very true the rich people in the novel were by no means conservationist. They would not think twice about using things in excess and then discarding them how they please. Advertising plays a huge role in this novel. Mack says, â€Å"The billboard in the Valley of Ashes is held above the rest of the town and represents society worshipping advertising† (2). This is evident in the novel not only are business’ advertised but in a way people are always advertising themselves. By talking about their own business’ or even worse putting themselves on display and advertising themselves, but not as people, but more like objects and how wealthy they are. An example of this is when Mr. And Mrs. Mckee are at Myrtle’s party and the narrator Nick is talking about the Mckees and he says referring to Mrs. Mckee, â€Å"She told me with pride her husband had photographed her a hundred and twenty-seven times since they had been married† (qtd. In Mack) Subconsciously, Mrs. Mckee is advertising her husband and that he is a photographer. Mack goes on to talk about the American obsession with appearance that is shown throughout the novel. An example of this would be that Gatsby has a huge library filled with books that have never been opened. Gatsby is just trying to be someone that he is not in order to fit a certain image. Another character obsessed with her appearance and how people perceive her is Myrtle. At her party, she pretends that she has a kitchen full of servants who are waiting on her†¦when in reality she doesn’t. Research Report: The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers fc Research Report: The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Great Gatsby: A Criticism of American Society,† author Ned Mack discusses how F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes the American Society in the 1920’s for its trend to waste, advertise, encourage superficial relationships, and an obsession with appearances. All four of these things are very evident in the novel, and Mack just breaks each of them down individually. Mack talks about how the Valley of Ashes is an example of people being wasteful in the 1920’s. People in America use what they want and when they want and leave the remains or waste, you might call it, behind for the un-wealthy to clean up. â€Å"The valley of ashes was once a flourishing town, but was used until it was no longer valuable and was thus abandoned.† (qtd. In Mack) This is very true the rich people in the novel were by no means conservationist. They would not think twice about using things in excess and then discarding them how they please. Advertising plays a huge role in this novel. Mack says, â€Å"The billboard in the Valley of Ashes is held above the rest of the town and represents society worshipping advertising† (2). This is evident in the novel not only are business’ advertised but in a way people are always advertising themselves. By talking about their own business’ or even worse putting themselves on display and advertising themselves, but not as people, but more like objects and how wealthy they are. An example of this is when Mr. And Mrs. Mckee are at Myrtle’s party and the narrator Nick is talking about the Mckees and he says referring to Mrs. Mckee, â€Å"She told me with pride her husband had photographed her a hundred and twenty-seven times since they had been married† (qtd. In Mack) Subconsciously, Mrs. Mckee is advertising her husband and that he is a photographer. Mack goes on to talk about the American obsession with appearance that is shown throughout the novel. An example of this would be that Gatsby has a huge library filled with books that have never been opened. Gatsby is just trying to be someone that he is not in order to fit a certain image. Another character obsessed with her appearance and how people perceive her is Myrtle. At her party, she pretends that she has a kitchen full of servants who are waiting on her†¦when in reality she doesn’t.

Designing a Personal Music Player Essay

The problem is that I have to design and make a model personal music player that will fit ergonomically into the palm of someone’s hand and fit into a pocket. I am going to design a micro-disc player that is modern and Practical and easy to use. Materials Wood Plastic Metal Glass Manufacture Glue Saw Sand paper Wet and dry paper Weight Light Heavy Storage Where will it go? What will it be stored in? Style / Aesthetics Old fashioned Futuristic Modern Art deco Cost How much will it cost to make? Ergonomics Average sizes Carrying out investigation After completing my analysis it is easy to see what areas I need to research. The first thing I need to find out about is materials. I need to research materials because it is very important that I choose the right materials to make my product. E.g. wood, metal, plastic, glass Below are a list of other areas that I must research before I can write my specification: Existing products (products that are already released on the market) Ergonomics Fittings at the moment I am unsure of what style my product is going to be, here are some of the styles: Futuristic Old fashioned Art deco Modern Analysis Materials – the materials I am going to use to construct my Micro-Disc player must be strong, light and must also look good. The materials I could consider using are: Wood, metal, plastic and glass. Ergonomics – ergonomics is the study and application of the average sizes of human beings in relation to designs. I must think about when designing my product the size of an average humans hand size. Firstly the size of people and secondly the size of my product in comparison to the average size of people. Weight – weight is an important factor I must think about when designing my product Style – I must think about and research lots of different styles, for instance: Art deco, futuristic, old fashioned, modern and many others? Manufacture – I must think about how I am going to make my product – I must remember to write myself a manufactured plan or a flow chart of how I am going to make my product. Storage – I must consider where my product will go. Researching Materials Metals: mild steel – this metal is the most common ferrous metal. it is grey in colour and is a very soft metal. Aluminium – this metal is soft and also light. If mixed with metals as an alloy it becomes strong and easy to use. Woods: hard wood -this wood is harder and generally more durable than soft woods, there are many different colours. Hard wood is normally used for high quality furniture e.g. mahogany. Hard woods are usually very expensive. Soft woods – soft woods are easy to cut, but less durable than hard woods. soft woods are lighter shades of colour and are cheaper than hard woods. soft woods are used alot in the construction industry in roofs, window frames e.g. pine MiniDiscs where created in 1992 by the Sony Corporation to be a cheap, portable, editable, digital recording format that has â€Å"near† CD quality recording. Since then MiniDiscs have taken a slow start. Because everyone had just gotten settled in with their new CD equipment, they did not want to fork out more money for something that seemed like the same thing. Now people are starting to see the real advantage of MDs, and its starting to get a little more popular. In Japan especially, prices are going down and production is going up. I heard that in Japan, the low-end decks are around $150, and discs get down to $1.50, that’s as cheap as a nice tape deck, and hi-bias tape. If more people start buying MD equipment in the US, we could reach those prices. Today, MDs in the US are kind of underground. There are a lot of people that have not heard of them yet, and not a lot of advertising. But more and more I see prices going down, and more people that know about them. Wel l enough of the boring stuff, here are some advantages and disadvantages. advantages! The sound quality is great. I have never been able to tell a difference between MD’s and a CD or DAT. MiniDiscs have an advantage to CD-Rs in that after you record something on them, you can erase the whole disc, erase one track, you can move around tracks, and put in track marks, you can even label the disc and each track. Some formats, like DAT, can do some of these things, but MDs still have the disc based media advantages. MiniDiscs are smaller. The Discs are 7cm x 7cm, and the portable recorders can be smaller than cassette walkmans. The discs are encased in a plastic shell, much like floppy discs, so you don’t have to worry about them getting scratched. Its cheap. Infact I just saw a deck for $199 at Circuit City, where the cd recorders were $499. And if you look, you can find discs for $2.50 to $3.00. There just cool. Just look at the equipment, who wouldn’t want to have this stuff. And, as of all digital formats, you can make a digital copy from any digital source through coaxial or optical connections. Of course that not all the advantages, just some of my favorite. disadvantages? MiniDiscs use compression to cut out inaudible parts of the signal, so it can fit on that little disc. Although studies show that no one can tell the difference, some people want all of there precious signal. It’s hard to find equipment and pre-recorded MDs. I live in Jefferson City, Mo which is a pretty small town, so I have to go to the Big Cities to get stuff. Also, since MiniDiscs aren’t that big in the US yet, not many pre-recorded MDs are manufactured. Those are the only disadvantages I can think of, and the first one doesn’t really even matter. Let me tell you a little more about that compression. compression: MD’s use a method of compression called ATRAC (Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding), which only records the information audible to the human ear. It compresses the signal to One-fifth of its original size. This compression method is very similar to MPEG encoding, which is used for Mp3’s. As I said before, people have compared MDs, CDs, and DAT, and not been able to tell any difference. I bet your asking yourself, â€Å"but how does it record†? Well, I’m about to tell you. recording: MDs use a special Magento-Optical method that magnetizes regions of the discs 60 millionth of a cm apart to a North or South pole. When the laser runs across these regions, it can tell whether its N or S and starts to construct the data stream. conclusion So, all in all, MiniDiscs are a way to get CD quality recording on a compact, inexpensive, media. I love every part about MiniDiscs, and would definitely recommend them to anyone interested in Hi-Fi audio in general. Sleek, stylish, and silver! Not only does Sony’s MZ-E909 look great on the go, but its rugged magnesium body weighs in at an eminently portable 1.75 ounces. In addition to portability and chic styling, you also get track navigation and playback features cool enough to satisfy even diehard MiniDisc fans. Sony’s â€Å"Easy Skip† group/folder function gives you simple navigation through groups of tracks – especially handy if you’ve used LP4 mode on a separate recorder to fit up to 5 hours’ worth of music on a single 80-minute MD. The backlit LCD on the stick-style remote delivers nearly effortless control, even in the dark. Two digital sound presets let you adjust the bass and treble, then save your preferred settings. And Personal Disc Memory remembers those settings, along with your other listening preferences, for up to 20 discs! But there are also the tried-and-true Sony MD features you love, like MDLP(tm) playback and G-Protection(tm) for a virtually skip-free listening experience. Not to mention an amazing 145 hours maximum playback time with the supplied rechargeable plus one optional â€Å"AA† battery! You even get a handy charging stand, so you can recharge the battery without taking it out of the unit. The MZ-S1 takes MiniDisc durability to the next level! It combines the second generation of Sony’s rugged Sports styling with direct digital dubbing of your favorite PC audio to MD at up to 32 times faster than real-time. Plus, you get handy software for your PC: OpenMG(tm) Jukebox for music management, and Simple Burner QuickRip(tm), which allows you to dub CD tracks directly to MD without saving files on your computer’s hard drive. Making MD mixes of your favorite tunes is easy and quicker than ever! Taking those mixes with you while you work out is ultra-convenient, too. You get easy one-hand operation thanks to a clever thumb-control key on the grip. The included reflective hand strap and backlit LCD are perfect for nighttime jogs. The durable plastic body incorporates rubber gaskets and waterproof seals to help keep out moisture and dirt. And you’ve got G-Protection(tm) for smooth playback no matter how strenuous your workout. The MZ-S1 can also make great-sounding recordings from a CD player, radio, cassette player, and other sources (analog and optical cables available separately). MDLP(tm) record mode lets you store over 5 hours of music using a single 80-minute blank MD. And one optional â€Å"AA† battery can power the MZ-S1 for up to 54 hours! High-speed, drag-and-drop transfer of PC audio. No, it’s not an MP3 player – it’s Sony’s revolutionary new Net MD Walkman! Its advanced USB connection gives you direct digital dubbing of MP3s or ripped CD tracks from your PC to MiniDisc at speeds of up to 32X – that’s 80 minutes of music in as little as three minutes! Plus, you get handy software for your PC: OpenMG(tm) Jukebox for music management, and Simple Burner QuickRip(tm), which allows you to dub CD tracks directly to MD without saving files on your computer’s hard drive. But the pocket-sized MZ-N505 can do more than just record from your PC. It can also make great-sounding recordings from a CD player, radio, cassette player, and other sources (analog and optical cables available separately). MDLP(tm) record mode lets you store up to 5 hours of music using a single 80-minute blank MD – perfect for taking lots of tunes on the go! And, since it’s MiniDisc, you get easy recording, editing, and titling with discs that are fully rewritable, nearly indestructible, and ultra-affordable. Sony’s G-Protection(tm) skip recovery system makes your MD listening experience a smooth one. And an optional â€Å"AA† battery can power the MZ-N505 for up to 56 hours!

Live together before the arrmage essays

Live together before the arrmage essays How many times have you heard that "Well, I think we should just live together first to see if we are compatible, and then we can get married." How many times have you saw the sight that the bride walked down the aisle who was already living together with her boyfriend. Nowadays, unmarried couples living together have increased dramatically over the past few decades. The rationale is simple: "By living together before marriage, we'll know how compatible we are. We'll find out the truth about a partner. We'll have greater opportunities to observe a partner's daily habits and routines and to see him/her in the cold light of morning. You wouldn't buy a pair of shoes without trying them on first, would you? You would be testing the car before you buy it, wouldn't you?" However, this is presumptuous, naive, and wishful thinking. There is often one person in the relationship who doesn't think in terms of a permanent, lifelong relationship. Thus, cohabitation often lacks a common purpose and has less benefit because it is not romantic. There are no lasting responsibilities. And it results in a rate of higher divorce. First of all, cohabitation is not romantic and may kill true love. Those who live together are likely to have a fleeting romance rather than a lasting relationship. A romance is not the same as having an ongoing relationship. Relationships take time and work to develop and maintain; romance is a positive feeling toward another person. Romance without a relationship is a brief encounter at best. Romance, in today's disposable society, is hastily devised and easily discarded at the first sign of conflict or disillusionment. There is no lasting commitment when times get tough. Good relationships are built upon knowing and enjoying each other on social, recreational, spiritual, intellectual, and communicative levels, not only the sexual level. However, premarital sex may fool someone into marrying a person who may not be rig...

Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan Essay Example

Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan Essay Example Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan Essay Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan Essay Project Specification plan Sign-off sheet Name and Job title| Involvement in the project| Signature | Sharon Shameful,Chief Executive| -Signs off the project as a whole-Authorisation of interviews-Signs of on new project proposals| | Nathan SafeHuman Resources | -Hires new staff also responsible for their interviews-Hires the technical writer-In charge of keeping up to date with staff reviews and reporting to management| | Money Penny Chief Financial Officer| -Signs off financial implications of the new policies and processes. Will provide financial background on health and safety training of staff. | | Mathew HandymanHealth Safety officer temporary Maintenance manager| -Signs off on the health and safety implications of the new policies and processes-Checks that proper health and safety procedure is implemented by all staff. -In charge of maintenance of all machinery and also trains new staff in using these. | | Hayden StarStaff Supervisor| -Supervisor ground staff-Interview new staff alongside human resource manager-Trains new staff in machinery| | Purpose The purpose of this documentation project is to come up with a new, improved process to prevent any future accidents involving dangerous equipment and providing employees with improved policies with proper health and safety procedure to prevent these accidents. The deliverables are: * A description of the new process, written up as business proposal, which will include a swim lane diagram illustrating who does what, at which level. * Dangerous Equipment use policy. * Procedures or instructions for one of the employees. The purpose of the documentation will be revised at daily meetings with the project manager, Nathan Safe. Definition of Audience Document| Audience | Audience Description| Business Proposal for training new staff and existing employees in the safe use of equipment| Management team| Has a good knowledge of finances and council operation as well as health and safety in relations to dangerous equipment| Dangerous equipment use policy| All Employees| Ground knowledge of all equipment. Some already experienced in use of dangerous equipments. Are motivated to learn more after what has happened to a staff member. Procedure for Health and Safety and Maintenance officer| Mathew Handyman| Knows all about the machinery on hand and also their safety policies, but needs to be more proactive. | Note 1. Bruce alongside with his supervisor Hayden and 2 other colleagues will be available throughout the project for user testing Relationship of these documents to others The new documentation will repla ce the outdated Dangerous equipment use policy that has proved to be ineffective. The new policy and procedures must: * Follow proper health and safety codes set by ACC Fit with the councils financial budget * Fit with local councils general health and safety policies Production Information The business proposal will be presented in both electronic and paper form. The electronic copy will be make it easy for new additions. The proposal will consist of 2 – 3 pages and will also include at least one swim-lane diagram (in colour). The dangerous equipment use policy will be delivered as one page printed document. This will be handed out to all ground staff and also copies will be posted in the staff room in the maintenance shed. Intranet file will also be available to staff via the council network. Procedures will be only handed to one employee who will have to include this in action daily. Writers requirement Project will be mainly carried out on the premises of Maurati local council. Finalising and part of the writing will be done at the technical writers home office. During the project, the council will provide the technical writer, * Access to meeting rooms for interviews * Access to relevant documents * Access to scanner Admin will be assisting with all the printing and scanning. Originals will be printed by the technical writer at his preferred printing press. Nathan Safe, Money Penny, Mathew Handyman and Hayden Star will all be available for interviews during business hours. Sharon who is currently busy with the local gala will only be available on Friday. Ground staff will be available during their posted times, however, this will only be during their lunch hours. Free lunch vouchers will be handed at each interviews to all ground staff for taking time of their lunch to come for an interview. The technical writer will report all interview of staff to Nathan Safe. Schedules and Milestones Project Stage| Tentative time of Completion | Initial Research * Informal talk with Staff * Relevant document investigations * Scheduling with SMEs| 15 May 2012| Development of the project * Actual interviews conducted * Rough swim-lane diagram | 16-18 May 2012| Draft proposal complete| 20 May 2012| Draft Policy and procedure documents complete| 23 May 2012| Feedback on proposal and policy draftsTesting of procedure draft| 24 May 2012| Revising Editing| 25 May 2012| Documentation Completed| 4 June 2012| Constraints Delays will be inevitable. Budget Technical writer’s work | Cost| Researching – 10 hours| $60 x 10= $600| Drafting Stage| $60 x 5= $300| Interview Staff and facilitating user-testing (vouchers will be provided free for charge to interviewees)| $60 x10= $600| Training Individual on Procedure| $60 x 10 =$600| Revising Polishing 10 hours| $60 x 10 =$600| Printing Disbursement (standard) | $250| Total| $2,950 + GST|

International Finance and Banking Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Finance and Banking - Case Study Example Using the corporate spot rate, the cash inflow will be equivalent to 30,375,000/1.04 MYR. By converting these into dollars it is equivalent to 29,206,730*0.305 = $8,908,053. For three months this is equivalent to 8,908,053*1.035 = $9,219,835. The three month forward rate will be an equivalent of $8,762,019*1.035 = $9,068,690. Yankee has two hedging alternatives for the EUR receivable includes the option to sell the product at the current spot rate of $1.355 per euro or three month forward rate at $1.355 per euro. By discounting the amount receivable in three months, the gain from the sales is equivalent to thirty six million Euros. Using the current spot rate, thirty six million Euros accumulated for three months is equivalent to 36,000,000* 1.35 = $48,600,000. If Yankee uses three month forward rate, this amount will be equivalent to 36,000,000*1.355 = $48,780,000 in three months. I think it is easier for Yankee to hedge its outflows and inflows denominated in foreign currencies because the outflows of Yankees are responsive to payable amount denominated in foreign currency in respect to current changes in currency exchange in the market and the future currency values. Therefore, since Yankee has formed a two years agreement with the two clients the inflows and outflows will be only affected by changes in currency value (Tarullo, 2008). There is no need for Yankee to over the hedge in regard to question 2 above. Even though Yankee could over hedge the put option under normal situation, Johnson wishes to hedge the total coverage and has only 125,000 pounds in a put option. Since Yankee will receive 36,000,000 pounds in three months it means that the client will be required to purchase 288 put options so that they can completely cover disclosure. Since Yankee has formed an agreement for exporting the products to the two clients in the foreign countries over hedging is not an option in the month forward rate.

Business plan coments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business plan coments - Essay Example Therefore, a tailored business model has been prepared by the firm which covers different aspects including what the firm would be outsourcing, what their main objectives would be, what services they would be offering to the customers to attract them etc. The team has identified the major forces that influence the firm, which is one of the strengths of the business plan. These forces include market issues, market segments, needs and demands of the industry, cost of customers if they switch their services, attractions for customers etc. In addition to this, the team has also identified different industry forces including competitors, new entrants, substitute products, suppliers and other stakeholders that would have an influence on the firm. Other factors like macro-economic forces, and key trends in the industry including technological trends, regulatory trends etc have also been presented in the report. In the other section of the business plan, the team has covered the market opportunity analysis in a manner that would be attractive for investors when they are going through the business plan and evaluating the business idea for the purpose of investment. The target market of the firm has been described as well as what the target market prefers has also been identified, showing more in-depth analysis and hard work of the team. The team has also analyzed the offerings of the competing firms and what factors or services of the competitors could influence the company. A brief description about the services of the competitors has been explained to analyze its impact on the company. In the section of market analysis, the team has identified the growth of e-commerce market industry in the last few years which is an important variable considering the services of the company. In addition, the team has conducted sufficient research to identify how the market would perform in the years to come along with the total value of the

Write about this picture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Write about this picture - Essay Example The first picture is of a woman seemingly suspending on the air with cactus plants around her. The first picture I get when I look at the picture is that the lady is extraordinary. Therefore, the picture is drawn in an era when there are beliefs on extraordinary events. Cactus in most cases is a sign of a dry area like a desert. The woman, therefore, could have been from an area of drought. The cactus also represents challenges and hardships. Interesting enough the lady seems to be unbothered by the situation surrounding her. She seems to have been raised up from the ground. In my view, it shows some form of victory. The woman seems to worry less about the things surrounding her. The colors used in the picture are also a depiction of some form of victory and joy. The colors forming the surrounding areas show some form of darkness that comes along with fear and uncertainty. The lady seems not to be worried by any of these. The cloth that covers her also shows some form of protection a nd defense from any forms of attacks as the cloth covers her. The second picture too seems to be of the same lady. The angle that the neck has bent is almost the same as that of the lady in the picture with a frame on it. There are thorns that surround the second picture and beyond the thorns are a black figure that in my view seems to be an evil ghost. The black color and other dark color combination greatly brings the meaning that is expected to be derived from the picture, The picture seems to be of older centuries when there was high belief in superstition and religious devotions. The lady in the second picture seems to be undisturbed by the challenges and threats that surround her. She seems to be protected from the challenges that face her. The picture colors used show the audience that the picture is of older times (Powda, 2013). In my analysis and research, there seems to be a connection between the lady in the picture and the religious

The play Essay Example for Free

The play Essay The play is set in the Dublin slums or tenements in the years of the Iris Civil War 1922 and 1923. The whole play centers on the Boyle family. Juno Boyle is married to Boyle who calls himself Captain Boyle. Boyle is a useless and irresponsible drunkard who shuns the reality of work at every stage in the play, and spends his time in the pub drinking with his friend Joxer Daly. The Boyles have two children Johnny and Mary. Johnny is a sickly individual who has been involved in the Republican movement but he ended up betraying a comrade by the name of Tancred. Johnny spends his days locked up in the house fearful of his life. His mother Juno is a selfless character who is concerned all the time about other people. Juno’s daughter Mary is deeply concerned about appearances. She is a shallow character who seems to judge people and things from the outside. When we meet her at the beginning of the play, we learn she is on strike because of the dismissal of a young girl called Jenny Claffey. Yet we are told from Juno how Mary never had a good word to say about Jenny Claffey in her whole life. The family are told that they will inherit money from a distant relative who has died. Bentham is the solicitor who informs them of this fact. He begins to have a relationship with Mary and she becomes pregnant. Bentham shortly after this abandons her. The Boyles begin to borrow money and accumulate a great deal of debts. The legacy never materializes, and the Boyles are forced to return the borrowed goods. Johnny is dragged off to be shot for the betrayal of Tancred. Juno finally realizes that Boyle will never take on his responsibilities as father and breadwinner and so she leaves him and sets up home with Mary. Themes/Issues Poverty This theme dominates the play at every level. The whole play highlights the cruel irony that while many people were fighting for ideals and principles there were others who were suffering from the debilitating effects of the poverty. Because of the negative effects generated by poverty escapism assumes a major and dramatic element in the lives of characters. Mary’s tragic situation occurs because of poverty. When it becomes clear that the Boyles will not inherit any legacy, Bentham disappears forever abandoning Mary alone to have her baby. Jerry Devine standards of what are essential features in a husband are set out in terms of money. At one stage he tells Mary how the job is worth 3 50 Juno who is the only character rooted in the harsh practical everyday world of necessity realizes that money, hard work, and responsible social commitment are stronger and more realistic values in this world than principles and ideals. Her pragmatic stance on how principles won’t pay butchers is in striking contrast to the incessant evasion from reality inherent in all of the other characters. Religion The theme of Religion is also a dominant feature in the play. The play is set against a strong Catholic background. O Casey makes frequent use of images of Our Lady and the votive light to project an air of realism and authenticity in the play. There are also a variety of different religions, and attitudes expressed throughout the play. One of O Casey’s chief mottos in the play seems to show the co- existence of strong religious convictions, together with a sincere and humane commitment to one’s fellowman. Juno’s faith is sincere, authentic, and traditional. She believes on Johnny’s death that God can do nothing against the stupidity of men, that her husband should be praying novenas for a job, and that what Ireland needs is more piety. On the other hand, Bentham espouses a religion by the name of Theosophy. This is projected as vague and abstract and certainly seems to be compatible with his own shallow commitment to people. Reality and Fantasy The play dramatizes the conflict between the dream world and the world of reality and shows what happens when a character is stripped of his illusions and forced to face reality. Boyle the ‘poseur’ or Paycock struts throughout the world of the play on a false and imaginary sense of his own self- importance. His whole life and career consist in fabricating dreams of his gallant years as a captain fighting heroic feats and sailing the oceans of the world. The news of the legacy provides another outlet to Boyle’s habitual evasion of reality, he sees himself as a potential investor on the Stock Exchange. His whole life is a lie. His pains, which are invented for the sake of shirking and avoiding work, become real to him. His refuses to face up to the truth and reality about Bentham and the deception surrounding the news of the will. When reality invades at the conclusion of the play in the form of Mary’s pregnancy and the actual removal of his material possessions, Boyle is unable to cope. His final entrance dramatized in a drunken fragmentary soliloquy is tragic. His habitual escape into fantasy is pathetically expressed through his drunken pose – ‘ Commandant Kelly died†¦.in them arms†¦..Tell me Volunteer Bullies says he that I died for Ireland’. Mary who represents the younger generation also falls victim to illusion. On her first appearance in the play, she is shown to be on strike for a principle. The oppressive and stifling atmosphere generated by the tenement life forces her to seek escape through Bentham. For her he represents another way of life and values outside the restricting and debilitating atmosphere within the two- roomed tenement. She falls victim to the subtle deception of Bentham’ middle-class gentility. She is blinded by external appearances and ends up a tragic victim of Bentham’s hypocrisy and selfishness At the conclusion of the play, she is forced to return to the reality of the slum life with Juno in spite of all her attempts to escape through learning and books. Answer Juno and the Paycock is a play that was written by Sean OCasey. It is one of the most often performed and highly regarded plays in Ireland. Juno and the Paycock was first staged at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin in 1924. Juno and the Paycock: Tragoi-comedy Tragi-comedy is a kind of writing in which comedy is hovering on the brinks of tragedy. OCasey’s â€Å"Juno and the Paycock† is a tragi-comedy although, on the whole, it is a serious and somber play having much destruction and violence. But there are a number of comic elements in the play which would not fit into the pattern of a tragedy. On the other hand, as the comic elements do not outweigh the tragic ones, it would be inappropriate to label the play as a comedy. It means there is a co-existence in the play of tragic and comic elements and so, the best course is to treat it as a tragi-comedy.